Urban Pollutant Dispersion on a Turbulent Fluid Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.5540/tcam.2023.024.04.00617Palavras-chave:
Air pollution, CFD, Street canyon, urban centresResumo
In 2019, more than 90% of the world’s population was living in places where pollutant
concentrations exceeded the air-quality guidelines. Anthropogenic activity has been the main cause of climate change in the last 20 years, especially in urban centres where industrial activities and motorized traffic mainly occur. This article presents a study of air pollutant dispersion by computational fluid dynamics modelling using OpenFOAM for urban street canyon simulations. The aim of this study was to investigate the influence of vegetation on natural ventilation, dispersion and CO2 mitigation. The behavior of pollutants was modeled by the Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes equations (RANS) and the k−ε fluid turbulence model. The results indicate that aerodynamic effects are more important at lower pollutant wind velocities, as they reduce turbulent dispersion and allow a higher reduction in the concentration of air pollutants. In addition, the direction of the wind, relative to the main axis of the street, had a significant impact on the results found. In general, in the presence of trees, perpendicular winds can lead to higher concentration of pollutants, while parallel winds allow improve air quality, considerably reducing those pollutant concentrations.
Referências
WHO - World Health Organization. 9 out of 10 people worldwide breathe polluted air, but more countries are taking action. 2 May 2018. [online] Available at: https://bit.ly/3uXDDzh.
OPAS - Organização Pan-Americana da Saúde. Novas Diretrizes Globais de Qualidade do Ar da OMS visam salvar milhões de vidas da poluição atmosférica. 22 set. 2021. [online] Available at: https://bit.ly/3anMQHP.
WHO - World Health Organization. WHO global air quality guidelines: particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10), ozone, nitrogen dioxide, sulfur dioxide and carbon monoxide. Executive summary. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2021. [online] Available at: https://bit.ly/3kVWAP0.
M. F. P. Lopes. Aplicação numérica e experimental de métodos de simulação da camada limite atmosférica para o estudo da acção do vento sobre edifícios. Universidade Técnica de Lisboa, 2008.
S. Vardoulakis, B. E. A. Fisher, K. Pericleous, N. Gonzales-Flesca, Modelling air quality in street canyon: a review. Atmospheric Environment, v. 37, p. 155-182. 2003.
J. O. Anderson, J. G. Thundiyil, A. Stolbach, Clearing the Air: a review of the effects of particulate matter air pollution on human health. Journal Of Medical Toxicology, v. 8, n. 2, p. 166-175, 2011.
H. W. Georgii. The effects of air pollution on urban climates. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 40, 624–635, 1969.
W. F. Dabberdt, F. L. Ludwig, W. B. Johnson. Validation and applications of an urban diffusion model for vehicular pollutants. Atmospheric Environment, 7, 603–618, 1973.
T. R. Oke. Street Design and Urban Canopy Layer Climate. Energy and Buildings, 11 (1988) 103 – 113.
A. M. M. Gómez. Modelagem da dispersão de material particulado na atmosfera a partir de fontes estacionárias utilizando fluidodinâmica computacional. USP. São Paulo, 2017.
C. J. Greenshields, User Guide version 7. OpenFOAM Foundation Ltd. 2019.
A. P. R. Jeanjean, R. Buccolieri, J. Eddy, P. S. Monks, R. J. Leigh, Air quality affected by trees in real street canyons: The case of Marylebone neighbourhood in central London. Urban Forestry & Urban Greening, V. 22, p. 41-53, 2017.
A. P. R. Jeanjean, J. Gallagher, P. S. Monks, R. J. Leigh, Ranking current and prospective NO2 pollution mitigation strategies: An environmental and economic modelling investigation in Oxford Street, London. Environmental Pollution, v. 225, p. 587-597, 2017.
C. Gromke, B. Ruck, Pollutant Concentrations in Street Canyons of Different Aspect Ratio with Avenues of Trees for Various Wind Directions. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, v. 144, p. 41-64, 2012.
OPEN CASCADE. User Section. [online] Available at: https://bit.ly/2QQGM4e. 2021.
S. Vranckx, P. Vos, B. Maiheu, S. Janssen, Impact of trees on pollutant dispersion in street canyons: A numerical study of the annual average effects in Antwerp, Belgium. Science of the Total Environment, v. 532, p. 474-483, 2015.
A. Leelossy, F. JR. Molnar, F. Izsak, Havasi, I. A. Lagzi, R. Meszaros, Dispersion modeling of air pollutants in the atmosphere: a review. Cent. Eur. J. Geosci., v. 6, n. 3, p.257-278, 2014.
A. O. Fortuna. Técnicas Computacionais para Dinâmica dos Fluidos. 2ª ed. São Paulo: USP, 2012.
SIMEPAR. Sistema de Tecnologia e Monitoramento Ambiental do Paraná. Gráficos da Estação Curitiba. – Velocidade e Rajda de vento (km/h). [online] Available at: http://www.simepar.br.
Engineering ToolBox, (2003). Air - Dynamic and Kinematic Viscosity. [online] Available at: https://bit.ly/3DBMMBg.
Engineering ToolBox, (2018). Air - Diffusion Coefficients of Gases in Excess of Air. [online] Available at: https://bit.ly/3oOtr9N.
PARAVIEW. Overview. [online] Available at: www.paraview.org/overview/. 2021.
K.V. Abhijith, P. Kumar, J. Gallagher, A. McNabola, R. Baldauf, F. Pilla, B. Broderick, S. Di Sabatino, Beatrice, Pulvirenti. Air pollution abatement performances of green infrastructure in open road and built-up street canyon environments - A review. Atmospheric Environment 162, 2017.
P. A. Bastos, V. A. Silva. , E. G. Zaze, F. P. Devecchi , M. B. Kolicheski (2021). Simulações Preliminares do Comportamento de Poluentes Atmosféricos em Cânions Urbanos Usando o OpenFOAM. Anais do WENDEQ. [online] Available at: https://bit.ly/3HEx9ev
M. Lorenz, N. Clarke, E. Paoletti, A. Bytnerowicz, N. Grulke, N. Lukina, H. Sase, J. Staelens, Air pollution impacts on forests in changing climate. Global Environmental Changes. 2010.
IPCC AR6 WGI. Climate Change 2021: The Physical Science Basis Summary for Policymakers. 06 de august 2021. [online] Available at: https://bit.ly/3CwEBVn
Downloads
Publicado
Como Citar
Edição
Seção
Licença
Direitos Autorais
Autores de artigos publicados no periódico Trends in Computational and Applied Mathematics mantêm os direitos autorais de seus trabalhos. O periódico utiliza a Atribuição Creative Commons (CC-BY) nos artigos publicados. Os autores concedem ao periódico o direito de primeira publicação.
Propriedade Intelectual e Termos de uso
O conteúdo dos artigos é de responsabilidade exclusiva dos autores. O periódico utiliza a Atribuição Creative Commons (CC-BY) nos artigos publicados. Esta licença permite que os artigos publicados sejam reutilizados sem permissão para qualquer finalidade, desde que o trabalho original seja corretamente citado.
O periódico encoraja os Autores a autoarquivar seus manuscritos aceitos, publicando-os em blogs pessoais, repositórios institucionais e mídias sociais acadêmicas, bem como postando-os em suas mídias sociais pessoais, desde que seja incluída a citação completa à versão do website da revista.
